Bulgarian Cyrillic

[Hatshepsut]

Bulgarian Cyrillic


Differences between Russian (left columns) and Bulgarian Cyrillic (right columns)

As part of the 24 May celebrations, we would like to showcase the use of the Bulgarian Cyrillic alphabet on websites and the Bulgarian internet as a whole.

Why is it important to know more about the Cyrillic alphabet and Bulgarian Cyrillic more specifically?

The Cyrillic alphabet was devised at the end of the 9th century at the Preslav Literary School, and is today used by a number of Slavonic and some non-Slavonic peoples. As well as Bulgaria, countries using Cyrillic include: Serbia, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Ukraine, Russia, Bashkortostan, Belarus, Buryatia, Dagestan, Ingushetia, Kabardino-Balkaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mari El, Mongolia, Mordovia, Tatarstan, Tuva, Tajikistan, Udmurtia, Chechnya, Chuvashia – approx. 252 million people in the world.

It is believed that Clement of Ohrid (Kliment Ohridski) came up with the Cyrillic alphabet. It is named after a teacher of his, Constantine-Cyril the Philosopher. Over the years, Cyrillic has undergone significant change and gained in use among the various Slavonic peoples.

The biggest change to the alphabet was made by Russian emperor Peter the Great in 1708. The aim was to simplify book printing by giving the alphabet a strongly Latinised flavour, which permanently changed its character. This is where the Bulgarian and Russian Cyrillic alphabets would go their separate ways. Typographically speaking, Russian Cyrillic is on an equal footing with late Baroque Latin typography.

In Bulgaria, the old version of Cyrillic was used until reforms were made at the start of last century and bigger changes took place after 1945 under Soviet influence. Today, with the development of technology and for various other reasons including a lack of awareness of the subject, Russian Cyrillic tends to be widely used in Bulgarian print and online texts.

In reality, there is little difference whichever alphabet is used, but the same text can look different as they both involve two separate approaches. We look further into this below.

We hope to shed more light on the subject here and we appeal to all who write in Bulgarian – web designers, programmers, marketers, writers and the media – to use Bulgarian Cyrillic.

The jury for 'Site of the Year 2021' added the use of Bulgarian Cyrillic on Bulgarian projects as an important bonus point in its award criteria.


Main differences – Bulgarian Cyrillic is attractive and unique

The main differences are most obvious in lowercase letters. Russian Cyrillic makes no distinction anymore between handwritten and printed letters. It's based on uppercase Latin letters, both in uppercase and lowercase.

Bulgarian Cyrillic is more naturally aesthetic and the shapes of the letters are based on handwritten lowercase characters. The shape of the lowercase letters is rounder, more distinct and more easily recognisable compared to the shape of the uppercase letters. Many of them have upper and lower strokes (б, в, д, ж, з, к, р, у, ф, ю), making them more recognisable and making reading easier.

As a whole, the letters in Bulgarian Cyrillic are more rounded, making them larger. A text written in Bulgarian Cyrillic is 4-5% longer than the equivalent written in Russian Cyrillic.

You can read a detailed article on the history of and differences in the two forms in 'Kultura' newspaper: 'Bulgarian Cyrillic as a sign of identity' (in BG): https://newspaper.kultura.bg/bg/article/view/23494

Standard and Modern Bulgarian Cyrillic set - normal and italic styles

How can I use Bulgarian Cyrillic in software?

First of all, you need to make sure the fonts are installed. We invite you to review and use the various fonts which use Bulgarian Cyrillic, i.e. Bulgarian Cyrillic Free Fonts

The Bulgarian equivalent may be most often used in one of the following ways, depending on the font itself and how your software uses it:

1. By selecting Bulgarian language only. This doesn't work with all software.
2. By selecting Stylistic Set for the Bulgarian version. You may have to look at each set individually to find the Bulgarian version.

Microsoft Word

From the main menu: Format > Font… or (CTRL + D for Windows, CMD + D for Mac). In the Advanced tab, under Advanced Typography, select Stylistic sets and the correct number of the Bulgarian version.

Libre Office

From the main menu: Tools > Language > For selection > Bulgarian

Adobe Illustrator

From the main menu: Window > Character. Change the language to Bulgarian. If this doesn't work, select Window > Type > Open Type. Choose the Style Sets menu and from there the correct Bulgarian version number.

Affinity Designer, Photo, Publisher

From the main menu: Text > Show Typography. Select Stylistic Sets and tick the box next to the correct Bulgarian version number.

Sketch app

From the main menu: Text > Opentype Features > Alternative Stylistic Sets and the correct Bulgarian version number.

Figma

In the right-hand panel on the Design tab, select Text, open the Type details pop-up menu (the one with the three dots), select Stylistic set and tick the correct Bulgarian version number.

iOS and MacOS

Apple's operating systems do not yet offer the localised interface version in Bulgarian. But they can be set to use Bulgarian Cyrillic by default almost everywhere, for example when you make notes or send messages.

iOS

Open Settings > General > Language & Region. Select “Български”. Confirm this by clicking on “Change to Bulgarian”. If you don't confirm it, click the icon on the right and by scrolling up the list and add “Български” to the top of the list. Restart the system to enable use of Bulgarian Cyrillic.

MacOS

Open System Preferences > Language & Region. In the Preferred languages panel, click the '+' button. Select “Български” and click “Add”. Confirm by clicking on “Use Bulgarian”. If you don't confirm it, add “Български” to the top of the list. Restart the system to enable use of Bulgarian Cyrillic.

In web projects

All modern browsers have OpenType fonts pre-installed along with their characteristics. To select the Bulgarian version of the font you want to use, you need to know its Stylistic Set number. For this example, we'll assume your font has Bulgarian Cyrillic in Stylistic Set under number 1 (ss01) and that it may be activated with the following CSS declaration:

Кодъ [Маркирай кода] Разшири

body {
font-family: 'Your-font';
font-feature-settings: "ss01";
}
Bulgarian Cyrillic Free Fonts: https://cyrillic.bgweb.bg/en/fonts/


https://cyrillic.bgweb.bg/en/

[Hatshepsut]

Bulgarian Cyrillic in our forum

In our forum, we have Bulgarian Cyrillic font installed.
The font is called Lora:

https://fonts.google.com/specimen/Lora

This font is installed on main forum template (Maroon) only 
To view text in Bulgarian Cyrillic set, you should switch forum to Bulgarian (Български) language, else you will see Cyrillic text in standard (Russian) set.

[Hatshepsut]

Bulgarian letters pronunciation

Аа Аа [a]
Бб Бб [b/p]*
Вв Вв [v/f]
Гг Гг [g/k]
Дд Дд [d/t]
Ее Ее [e]
Жж Жж [ž/š]
Зз Зз [z/s]
Ии Ии [і]
Йй Йй [y]
Кк Кк [k] or [g]**
Лл Лл [l]
Мм Мм [m]
Нн Нн [n]
Оо Оо [о]
Пп Пп [p] or [b]
Рр Рр [r]
Сс Сс [ѕ] or [z]
Тт Тт [t] or [d]
Уу Уу [u]
Фф Фф [f] or [v]
Хх Хх [h]
Цц Цц [ts]
Чч Чч [tš]
Шш Шш [š] or [ž]
Щщ Щщ [št]
Ъъ Ъъ [ə/silent]***
Ьь Ьь [y/silent]
Юю Юю [yu]
Яя Яя [ya]
Ѣѣ Ѣѣ [e] or [ya]
Ѫѫ Ѫѫ [ə]
Ѭѭ Ѭѭ [yə]****


[y] is pronounced as in English word Young
[ž] is pronounced as in English word illuSion
[dž] is pronounced as in English word Joy
[h] is pronounced as in English word Hymn
[š] is pronounced as in English word SHield
[tš] is pronounced as in English word CHild
[ə] is pronounced as in English word mirAcle


* [b/p] (and similar) means B at the beginning of the word, P - at the end of the word, and before non-sonor consonant. Non-sonor consonants are К, П, С, Т, Ф, Х, Ц, Ч, Ш, Щ
Examples:

боб [bop] (bean)
боба [bòba] (the bean)
община [opštinà] (municipality)
обхват [oрhvàt] (range)

** Non-sonor consonants are sonorized if they are before sonor consonant. Sonor consonants are Б, В, Г, Д, Ж, З (but it's not valid for B)
Examples:

сватба [svàdba] (wedding)
отговор [òdgovor] (answer)
сбор [zbor] (sum)

*** In pre-1945 Traditional Bulgarian script, letters Ъ and Ь are written at the end of words with closed syllable endings, and those letters are silent, just skip them
Examples:

царь [tsar] (king)
синъ [sin] (son)
синь [sin] (blue color)
самъ [sam] (alone)
сънь [sən] (dream)
вѣкъ [vek] (century)
бѣлъ [byal] (white)
пролѣть [pròlet] (spring season)
день [den] (day)
нощь [nošt] (night)
любовь [lyubòf] (love)

**** The letters in red were in use in Traditional Bulgarian script, which was official until 1945. In our forum, we're using them too

Examples:

грѣхъ [gryah] (sin)
грѣхове [grehovè] (sins)
дѫбъ [dəp] (oak)
пѫть [pət] (way)
мѫжъ [məš] (man)
човѣкъ [tšovèk] (human)
гълѫбъ [g`ələp] (dove)
кѫде [kədè] (where)
рѣка [rekà] (river)
рѫка [rəkà] (hand)
сѫбота [s`əbota] (saturday)
сѫдба [sədbà] (destiny)
свѣтъ [svyat] (world)
святъ [svyat] (saint)
свѣщь [svešt] (candle)
тѫга [təgà] (sadness)

(The letter Ѭ was used until 1899)

стоѭ [stoy`ə] (I stand)
броѭ [broy`ə] (I count)

[Валсо]

И лявата колона, и дясната от снимките горе са българска кирилица. Руската има и едни странни букви, които сега не ми се занимава специално да вадя с руска подредба - ьi и една, дето е като знака за еврото, но обърнат огледално.

[Hatshepsut]

И лявата колона, и дясната от снимките горе са българска кирилица. Руската има и едни странни букви, които сега не ми се занимава специално да вадя с руска подредба - ьi и една, дето е като знака за еврото, но обърнат огледално.

Не, тук става дума не за буквите в азбуката като фонетика, а за стила на тяхното изписване, т.е. за графичния дизайн на азбуката.

Иначе си прав, в руската азбука има две букви, които ги няма в нашата: буквата Ы и буквата Э
Първата буква Ы е част от оригиналната кирилица още от 9-ти век и такъв звук е имало в старобългарския език, но по-късно е отпаднал. Не мога да кажа кога точно тази буква е изпаднала от нашата азбука, но това е било неминуемо, след като е изпаднал звука Ы. В днешния български език този звук е преминал изцяло в И, примерно думата сын днес се произнася като син (става дума за момче, а не за син цвят).
Другата буква Э съответства като фонетична стойност на нашата буква Е; а пък руската буква Е се произнася малко по-меко от нашето Е, нещо като ^йЕ

[Hatshepsut]

Original and modern names of Bulgarian letters
Bulgarian alphabet is created in 9^th century.
(original names displayed first)

Аа Аа Аз [az] А [a]
Бб Бб Буки [bùki] Бъ [bә]
Вв Вв Веди [vèdi] Въ [vә]
Гг Гг Глагол [glagòl] Гъ [gә]
Дд Дд Добро [dobrò] Дъ [dә]
Ее Ее Ест [est] Е [е]
Жж Жж Живетe [živète] Жъ [žә]
Зз Зз Земля [zemlyà] Зъ [zә]
Ии Ии Иже [`іžе] И [і]
Йй Йй  --- И кратко [і kràtko]
Кк Кк Како [kàko] Къ [kә]
Лл Лл Людие [lyùdie] Лъ [lә]
Мм Мм Мислите [m`islite] Мъ [mә]
Нн Нн Наш [nаš] Нъ [nә]
Оо Оо Он [оn] О [о]
Пп Пп Покой [pokòy] Пъ [pә]
Рр Рр Ръци [r'әtsi] Ръ [rә]
Сс Сс Слово [ѕlòvo] Съ [sә]
Тт Тт Твърдо [tv'әrdo] Тъ [tә]
Уу Уу Ук [uk] У [u]
Фф Фф Фрът [frәt] Фъ [fә]
Хх Хх Хер [her] Хъ [hә]
Цц Цц Ци [tsi] Цъ [tsә]
Чч Чч Чръв [tšrәv] Чъ [tšә]
Шш Шш Ша [ša] Шъ [šә]
Щщ Щщ Ща [šta] Щъ [štә]
Ъъ Ъъ Йер [yer] Ер голям [er golyàm]
Ьь Ьь Йерь [yer'] Ер малък [er màlәk]
Юю Юю Ю [yu] Ю [yu]
Яя Яя Я [ya] Я [ya]
Ѣѣ Ѣѣ Ят [yat] Ят [yat]
Ѫѫ Ѫѫ Онс [ons] Юс [yus]
Ѭѭ Ѭѭ Йoнс [yons] Йъ [yә]


The letters in red were in use in Traditional Bulgarian script, which was official until 1945.

[Hatshepsut]

Learn Bulgarian: The Bulgarian Alphabet (Българската азбука)